ABOUT JACOB SHEEP
Jacob Sheep have graced the large estates and country
homes of England for many centuries. Their impressive horns, black
and white faces and spotted bodies have no doubt contributed to
their popularity and survival.
Their actual origins are not known. However, documentation
throughout history indicates that the spotted or pied sheep may
have originated in what is now Syria some three thousand years
ago. Pictorial evidence traces movement of these sheep through
North Africa, Sicily, Spain and on to England.
There are many romantic stories about the Jacob
Sheep being direct descendants of the flock of sheep acquired
by Jacob during the time he worked for his father-in-law as mentioned
in the Bible (Genesis 30), or that they were washed ashore from
shipwrecks during the attempted invasion of the Spanish Armada
during the reign of Elizabeth I.
Jacobs differ from other British and Northern European polycerates
(sheep with multiple horns). They differ from other primitive
breeds in that they have a medium fine fleece and no outer coat.
Other primitive breeds are double coated, having a fine inner
coat and a coarser, longer outer coat.
Importation of Jacob Sheep to the U.S. and Canada
has occurred in small numbers since the early 1900's. These have
been dispersed all over the continent and many were crossed to
other breeds. These crosses have been referred to as Jacobs, even
though many bear no resemblance to the breed except that they
exhibit spots and multiple horns. Other breeds of sheep do produce
spotted lambs and/or polycerate offspring. Just because a sheep
is spotted or may be polycerate does not mean it is a Jacob Sheep.
The American Jacobs are an old world sheep which,
unlike many other old world breeds, have not undergone improved
breeding and out crossing to satisfy the commercial marketplace.
They have a more primitive body shape, are slender boned and provide
a flavorful, lean carcass with little external fat. The carcass
yield from hanging weight to freezer is high when compared to
the more improved breeds.
Due to finer bone structure and less body fat, stocking
rates on pasture are higher than the modern breeds with 25% to
50% increases being reported. Ewes require less supplement feed
during times of increased nutritional need and lamb easily, usually
with no assistance. The lambs are up and nursing vigorously without
help. Jacob ewes are included in commercial flock in England due
to their hardiness, ease of lambing, strong mothering instincts.
Both rams and ewes are easily kept and have a resistance to parasites
and foot problems. The fleece is soft and open and light in grease,
making it highly sought after by handspinners.
The Jacob is highly marketable as breeding stock.
Farm gate sales of freezer lamb, tanned pelts, handspinners' fleeces,
horns for walking sticks and buttons, bring the breeder financial
return as well as the pleasure of seeing this handsome breed on
the farm.